Do you know the structure classification and types of dump trucks?

Dump truck structure

The dump truck is mainly composed of a hydraulic dumping mechanism, a carriage, a frame and its accessories. Among them, the hydraulic dumping mechanism and the structure of the carriage are different from each modification manufacturer. The following describes the structure of the dump truck according to the type of the carriage and the lifting mechanism.

Car type

The structure type of the carriage can be roughly divided into: ordinary rectangular carriage and mining bucket carriage according to different uses.

Ordinary rectangular carriages are used for bulk cargo transportation. The rear panel is equipped with an automatic opening and closing mechanism to ensure the smooth unloading of the goods. The thickness of the ordinary rectangular carriage is: 4~6 for the front board, 4~8 for the side board, 5~8 for the rear board, and 6~12 for the bottom board. For example, the standard configuration of ordinary rectangular compartments of Chengli dump trucks is: 4 front sides, 4 bottoms, 8 rear 5.

The mining bucket carriage is suitable for the transportation of large-sized goods such as large stones. Considering the impact and bumping of the cargo, the design of the mining bucket carriage is complicated and the material is thicker. For example, the standard plate thickness of Jiangnan Dongfeng dump truck mining bucket compartment is: front 6 sides 6 bottom 10, and some models have some angle steel welded on the bottom plate to increase the rigidity and impact resistance of the compartment.

Lifting mechanism type

The lifting mechanism is the core of the dump truck and the primary indicator for judging the quality of the dump truck.

The types of lifting mechanisms are currently common in China: F-type tripod amplification lifting mechanism, T-type tripod amplification lifting mechanism, double-cylinder lifting, front top lifting and double-sided rollover, as shown in the figure below.

The tripod magnifying lifting mechanism is currently the most widely used lifting method in China. The advantage is that the structure is mature, the lifting is stable, and the cost is low;

The double-cylinder lifting form is mostly used on 6X4 dump trucks. A multi-stage cylinder (generally 3~4 stages) is installed on both sides in front of the second bridge, and the upper fulcrum of the hydraulic cylinder acts directly on the bottom of the carriage. The advantage of double-cylinder lift is that the closed height of the carriage floor and the upper plane of the main frame is small; the disadvantage is that it is difficult for the hydraulic system to ensure the synchronization of the two hydraulic cylinders, the lifting stability is poor, and the overall rigidity of the carriage floor is required to be high.

The lifting method of the front top has a simple structure, the closed height between the bottom of the carriage and the upper plane of the main frame can be small, the stability of the whole vehicle is good, and the pressure of the hydraulic system is small, but the multi-stage cylinder stroke of the front top is large, and the cost is high.

The double-sided rollover hydraulic cylinder has better force and smaller stroke, and can achieve double-sided rollover; however, the hydraulic pipeline is more complicated, and the occurrence rate of rollover accidents is high.

Dump truck selection

With the development of dump trucks and the improvement of domestic purchasing power, dump trucks are no longer a universal dump truck in the traditional sense. The product. This requires the user to provide the manufacturer with specific usage conditions when purchasing a vehicle.

chassis

When choosing a chassis, it is generally considered based on economic benefits, such as: chassis price, loading quality, overload capacity, fuel consumption per 100 kilometers, road maintenance fees, etc. In addition, the user should also consider the following parameters of the chassis:

① The height of the upper plane of the chassis frame from the ground. Generally, the height of the upper plane of the 6x4 chassis frame from the ground is 1050~1200. The larger the value, the higher the center of gravity of the vehicle, and the easier it is to cause the vehicle to roll over. The main factors affecting this value are tire diameter, suspension arrangement and main frame section height.

② Chassis rear overhang. If this value is too large, it will affect the lifting stability of the dump truck and cause a rollover accident. This value is generally between 500-1100 (except for rollover dump trucks).

③ The matching of the whole vehicle is reasonable and the use is reliable.